Thursday, December 4, 2014

PowerShell Counters

 Last night we received an alert for the following "SQLServer:Locks: Average Wait Time (ms) is above it's currently configured threshold"... What an obscure alert, that I see far too often. Here’s the PowerShell way to check if this has been resolved.


First we need to open a PowerShell console on the machine in question as an Administrator to get the correct SQL counter set name.

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Get-Counter -ListSet * | select CounterSetName


Okay so that does give us all the information we are requesting but in order to get a nice output that only contains SQL counters we could filter out all counters that do NOT have *SQL* in the name.

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Get-Counter -ListSet * | select CounterSetName | Where-Object {$_.CounterSetName -like "*SQL*"}



Now that we know the counter set name is "SQLServer:Locks" we can run the following command to see a list of the counters within SQLServer:Locks.

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Get-Counter -ListSet SQLServer:Locks | Select-Object Counter -ExpandProperty Counter


From here it is as easy as:

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Get-Counter -Counter "\SQLServer:Locks(*)\Lock Wait Time (ms)"

There are a few gotchas however, you will need quotes around the counter name because it contains spaces and this must be ran in an administrative shell.



As shown above the average lock wait time has been reduced to 0 which tells me this alert has now cleared out. Below I've added some more popular cmdlets to this command to get a little more data at an interval that you can specify.

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Get-Counter -Counter "\SQLServer:Locks(*)\Lock Wait Time (ms)" -SampleInterval 10 -MaxSamples 3




Saturday, November 1, 2014

PowerShell Desired State Configuration Pull Server (To be continued)

PowerShell Desired State Configuration was just released with PowerShell v4.0 and\or Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1.

First off if you are not already familiar with DSC please take a look at Windows PowerShell Desired State Configuration Overview. PowerShell Desired State Configuration or DSC for short can be used to either setup or keep a specified configuration
Add-WindowsFeature Dsc-Service

Defining $ConfigurationData

I started my Script off by defining $ConfigurationData [Shown Below]. This is where you can specify the computer names you want the pull server to create .MOFs for. Everything listed after NodeName will automatically installed on the given server and will be constantly monitored at any specified interval Fifteen minutes or above. So by just adding ,"Server-Gui-Shell" to the inside of any NodeName bracket you can install server graphical shell. You could also prevent server graphical shell and ensure it doesn't get installed for more than Fifteen minutes, but that come later.

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$ConfigurationData = @{
            AllNodes = @(
                          @{NodeName = "MKDC-02";Role="AD-Domain-Services","DHCP","DNS","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"},
                          @{NodeName = "SERVER2012R2-01";Role="Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "SERVER2012R2-02";Role="Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "SERVER2012R2-03";Role="Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "PSDSCPULLSERVER";Role="DSC-Service","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "MKDFS-01";Role="Web"},
                          @{NodeName = "MKDFS-02";Role="FileShare"},
                          @{NodeName = "RODC";Role="Web","AD-Domain-Services"},
                          @{NodeName = "MKPSWA";Role="FileShare","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra","WindowsPowerShellWebAccess"}
                          @{NodeName = "PSWAW12";Role="FileShare","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra","WindowsPowerShellWebAccess"}
                         )
                       }

Defining LCM

Next I defined my Local Configuration Manager, which is more or less the brains of the operation by telling all client computers where to retrieve their .MOF configuration files from. This is also where you specify the intervals and setting that are needed while configuring a PS DSC Server. I created a pull server which basically means I'll have a Server 2012R2 or maybe a Windows 8.1 box hosting the .MOF configuration files for all the servers to go reach out to. This will happen at the time specified in the  ConfigurationModeFrequencyMins variable.


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Configuration Copy_PowerShell_Scripts {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    file "PowerShell_PROFILE_script"
    {
      Ensure          = "Present"
      type            = "File"
      SourcePath      = "\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC Configurations\PowerShellScripts\profile.ps1"
      MatchSource     = "$True"
      DestinationPath = "$PROFILE"
    }
    file "Copy_\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC_Configurations\PowerShellScripts__TO__$env:USERPROFILE\Desktop\PowerShell"
    {
      Ensure          = "Present"
      type            = "Directory"
      SourcePath      = "\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC Configurations\PowerShellScripts"
      MatchSource     = "$True"
      Recurse         = "$True"
      DestinationPath = "$env:USERPROFILE\Desktop\PowerShell"
    }
  }
}

Defining Configuration 1 of 3

Next is to define all Configurations. I've included 3 configurations within my script. The first Configuration is used to ensure my saved PowerShell Profile script is copied to $PROFILE on all servers and that my saved PowerShell Scripts directory(including contents) are copied to all servers as well.

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Configuration Copy_PowerShell_Scripts {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    file "PowerShell_PROFILE_script"
    {
      Ensure          = "Present"
      type            = "File"
      SourcePath      = "\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC Configurations\PowerShellScripts\profile.ps1"
      MatchSource     = "$True"
      DestinationPath = "$PROFILE"
    }
    file "Copy_\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC_Configurations\PowerShellScripts__TO__$env:USERPROFILE\Desktop\PowerShell"
    {
      Ensure          = "Present"
      type            = "Directory"
      SourcePath      = "\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC Configurations\PowerShellScripts"
      MatchSource     = "$True"
      Recurse         = "$True"
      DestinationPath = "$env:USERPROFILE\Desktop\PowerShell"
    }
  }
}

Defining Configuration 2 of 3

In the Configuration below I set the following services to automatically start a boot [wuauserv, WinRm, EventLog, and VSS] Not only will those services bet set to start at boot -- they will also be check at the interval you configure in you LCM

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Configuration Configure_Services      {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    Service wuauserv
    {
      Name        = "wuauserv"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    Service WinRM
    {
      Name        = "WinRM"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    Service EventLog
    {
      Name        = "EventLog"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    Service winmgmt
    {
      Name        = "winmgmt"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    Service VSS
    {
      Name        = "VSS"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    switch ($Node.Service)
    {
      "BITS"
      {
        Service BITS
        {
          Name        = "BITS"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "IISADMIN"
      {
        Service IISADMIN
        {
          Name        = "IISADMIN"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "vmms"
      {
        Service vmms
        {
          Name        = "vmms"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "msexchange"
      {
        Service msexchange
        {
          Name        = "msexchange"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "cryptsvc"
      {
        Service crypysvc
        {
          Name        = "cryptsvc"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Defining Configuration 3 of 3


In this Configuration called "Add_Features" I start off by ensuring the following features (FilSharing, PowerShell and PowerShell_ISE) are installed on all servers specified under $AllNodes.NodeName which will is all servers listed in my $ConfigurationData array. However for the rest of the WindowsFeatures will not be installed unless they are called out within $ConfigurationData as shown with my Domain Controller MKDC-02 below.

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@{NodeName = "MKDC-02";Role="AD-Domain-Services","DHCP","DNS","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"},

So MKDC-02 will be configured with the following features (FS-FileServer, PowerShell, PowerShell-ISE AND AD-Domain-Services, DHCP, DNS,Server-Gui-Shell, and Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra)

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Configuration Add_Features            {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    WindowsFeature FS-FileServer
    {
      Name   = "FS-FileServer"
      Ensure = "Present"
    }
    WindowsFeature PowerShell
    {
      Name = "PowerShell"
      Ensure = "Present"
    }
    WindowsFeature PowerShell-ISE
    {
      Name = "PowerShell-ISE"
      Ensure = "Present"
      #Source = "wim:d:\sources\install.wim:2"
    }
    switch ($Node.Role)
    {
      "SNMP"
      {
        WindowsFeature snmp
        {
          Name = "SNMP-Service"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "Web-Server"
      {
        WindowsFeature Web-Server
        {
          Name = "Web-Server"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "DHCP"
      {
        WindowsFeature DHCP
        {
          Name = "DHCP"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "DNS"
      {
        WindowsFeature DNS
        {
          Name = "DNS"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "Server-Gui-Shell"
      {
        WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell
        {
          Name = "Server-Gui-Shell"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"
      {
        WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra
        {
          Name = "Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"
          Ensure = "Present"
          #Source = "wim:d\sources\install.wim:2"
        }
      }
      "AD-Domain-Services"
      {
        WindowsFeature AD-Domain-Services
        {
          Name = "AD-Domain-Services"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "DSC-Service"
      {
        WindowsFeature DSC-Service
        {
          Name = "DSC-Service"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Creating the .MOFs


The next step in my script was to move to the folder that IIS is hosting as this is where the .MOFs need to be created.

Set-Location "C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\DscService"

NOTE: instead of moving to the directory you can specify the -OutputPath Parameter.


The following creates the .MOF file for the Local Configuration Manager
DSC_LCM -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData -OutputPath .\DSC_LCM

The below Creates the .MOF file for the corresponding "Configuration"

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## Creates the .MOF file for the Local Configuration Manager
   DSC_LCM -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData -OutputPath .\DSC_LCM

## Creates the .MOF file for the corresonding "Configuration"
   Add_Features -OutputPath .\Add_Features -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData
   Configure_Services -OutputPath .\Configure_Services -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData
   Copy_PowerShell_Scripts -OutputPath .\Copy_PowerShell_Scripts -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData

"Make it so"

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Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager -Path .\DSC_LCM -ComputerName $AllNodes -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
## runs the desired .MOF configuration file
Start-DscConfiguration -Path .\Copy_PowerShell_Scripts -ComputerName $AllNodes -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Start-DscConfiguration -Path .\Add_Features -ComputerName $AllNode -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Start-DscConfiguration -Path .\Configure_Services -ComputerName $AllNodes -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue



My thoughts on DSC -- Setup can be a little time consuming but now I can boot up any number of servers and have them configure with any number of roles or features installed with very little modification.

Good-Bye Configuration Drift -- Good-Bye failed backups

What it looks like when it's running:



Here's my full Pull Server Configuration Script

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<#
.CREATED BY:
    Matthew A. Kerfoot
.CREATED ON:
    07\14\2014
.UPDATED ON:
    07/22/2014
.SYNOPSIS
   Automating the world one line of code at a time.
.DESCRIPTION
   This is a PowerShell Desired State Push Configuration.
.EXAMPLE
   Run the script as an administrator PS:\>G\DSC\DSC.ps1
.NOTES
    This is a PowerShell Desired State Push Configuration.
.NOTES
  
    Version : 4.0
  
    Author/Copyright : © Matthew Kerfoot - All Rights Reserved
  
    Email/Blog/Twitter : mkkerfoot@gmail.com www.matthewkerfoot.com @mkkerfoot
  
    Disclaimer : THIS CODE IS MADE AVAILABLE AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. THE ENTIRE RISK
                          OF THE USE OR THE RESULTS FROM THE USE OF THIS CODE REMAINS WITH THE USER.
                          While these scripts are tested and working in my environment, it is recommended
                          that you test these scripts in a test environment before using in your production
                          environment
                          Matthew Kerfoot further disclaims all implied warranties including, without limitation, any
                          implied warranties of merchantability or of fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk
                          arising out of the use or performance of this script and documentation remains with you.
                          In no event shall Matthew Kerfoot, its authors, or anyone else involved in the creation, production,
                          or delivery of this script/tool be liable for any damages whatsoever (including, without limitation,
                          damages for loss of business profits, business interruption, loss of business information, or other
                          pecuniary loss) arising out of the use of or inability to use the sample scripts or documentation,
                          even if Matthew Kerfoot has been advised of the possibility of such damages
  
  
    Assumptions : ExecutionPolicy of AllSigned (recommended), RemoteSigned or Unrestricted (not recommended)
  
    Limitations : This is a Push Configuration which is limited compared to a pull configuration.
  
    Ideas/Wish list : backupexec ; Veeam
  
    Known issues : Some Paths have been hardcoded

    Authors notes : This is my first attempt at DSC
##>

###################################################################################################
## # # # # # Variables that need to be edited # # # # # # ##
###################################################################################################
$ConfigurationData = @{
            AllNodes = @(
                          @{NodeName = "MKDC-02";Role="DHCP","DNS","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"},
                          @{NodeName = "SERVER2012R2-01";Role="Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "SERVER2012R2-02";Role="Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "SERVER2012R2-03";Role="Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "PSDSCPULLSERVER";Role="DSC-Service","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra";Service="BITS","vmms"},
                          @{NodeName = "MKDFS-01";Role="Web"},
                          @{NodeName = "MKDFS-02";Role="FileShare"},
                          @{NodeName = "RODC";Role="Web"},
                          @{NodeName = "MKPSWA";Role="FileShare","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra","WindowsPowerShellWebAccess"}
                          @{NodeName = "PSWAW12";Role="FileShare","Server-Gui-Shell","Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra","WindowsPowerShellWebAccess"}
                         )
                       }

  $StartTime = (Get-Date## Begin the timer

    Clear-Host ## Clears the screen

      ## Creates Logfile of all messages, verbose and host
      Start-Transcript -Path "C:\Windows\Temp\DSC_$( get-date -f MM-dd-hh-mm ).log"

            ## moves to the newly created directory
            Set-Location "C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\DscService"

## Local Configuration Manager -- Sets all DSC intervals and settings
Configuration DSC_LCM                 {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    LocalConfigurationManager
    { 
      AllowModuleOverwrite           = "$True"
      ConfigurationID                = "a9c09333-54f7-4a25-8a58-ebee9647e313";       
      DownloadManagerName            = "WebDownloadManager"
      DownloadManagerCustomData      =  @{ ServerUrl="http://PSDSCPULLSERVER.kerfoot.com:8080/PSDSCPullServer.svc" ; AllowUnsecureConnection= "True" }
      RefreshMode                    = "PULL"
      ConfigurationMode              = "ApplyAndAutoCorrect"
      RebootNodeIfNeeded             = "$True"
      RefreshFrequencyMins           = "15"
      ConfigurationModeFrequencyMins = "30"
    }
  }
}
## grabs the profile.ps1 file from $D_DSC and adds it to the logged in users PS $PROFILE
Configuration Copy_PowerShell_Scripts {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    file "PowerShell_PROFILE_script"
    {
      Ensure          = "Present"
      type            = "File"
      SourcePath      = "\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC Configurations\PowerShellScripts\profile.ps1"
      MatchSource     = "$True"
      DestinationPath = "$PROFILE"
    }
    file "Copy_\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC_Configurations\PowerShellScripts__TO__$env:USERPROFILE\Desktop\PowerShell"
    {
      Ensure          = "Present"
      type            = "Directory"
      SourcePath      = "\\PSDSCPULLSERVER\DSC Configurations\PowerShellScripts"
      MatchSource     = "$True"
      Recurse         = "$True"
      DestinationPath = "$env:USERPROFILE\Desktop\PowerShell"
    }
  }
}
Configuration Configure_Services      {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {  
    Service wuauserv  
    {
      Name        = "wuauserv"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }  
    Service WinRM  
    {
      Name        = "WinRM"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    Service EventLog  
    {
      Name        = "EventLog"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }  
    Service winmgmt  
    {
      Name        = "winmgmt"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }  
    Service VSS  
    {
      Name        = "VSS"
      State       = "Running"
      StartupType = "Automatic"
    }
    switch ($Node.Service)
    {
      "BITS"
      {
        Service BITS
        {
          Name        = "BITS"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "IISADMIN"
      {
        Service IISADMIN      
        {
          Name        = "IISADMIN"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "vmms"
      {
        Service vmms
        {
          Name        = "vmms"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "msexchange"
      {
        Service msexchange
        {
          Name        = "msexchange"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
      "cryptsvc"
      {
        Service crypysvc
        {
          Name        = "cryptsvc"
          State       = "Running"
          StartupType = "Automatic"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Configuration Add_Features            {
  Node $AllNodes.NodeName
  {
    WindowsFeature FileSharing
    {
      Name   = "FS-FileServer"
      Ensure = "Present"
    }
    WindowsFeature PowerShell
    {
      Name = "PowerShell"
      Ensure = "Present"
    }
    WindowsFeature PowerShell-ISE
    {
      Name = "PowerShell-ISE"
      Ensure = "Present"
      #Source = "wim:d:\sources\install.wim:2"
    }
    switch ($Node.Role)
    {
      "SNMP"
      {
        WindowsFeature snmp
        {
          Name = "SNMP-Service"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "Web-Server"
      {
        WindowsFeature Web-Server
        {
          Name = "Web-Server"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "DHCP"
      {
        WindowsFeature DHCP
        {
          Name = "DHCP"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "DNS"
      {
        WindowsFeature DNS
        {
          Name = "DNS"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "Server-Gui-Shell"
      {
        WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Shell
        {
          Name = "Server-Gui-Shell"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"
      {
        WindowsFeature Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra
        {
          Name = "Server-Gui-Mgmt-Infra"
          Ensure = "Present"
          #Source = "wim:d\sources\install.wim:2"
        }
      }
      "AD-Domain-Services"
      {
        WindowsFeature AD-Domain-Services
        {
          Name = "AD-Domain-Services"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
      "DSC-Service"
      {
        WindowsFeature DSC-Service
        {
          Name = "DSC-Service"
          Ensure = "Present"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

              ## Creates the .MOF file for the Local Configuration Manager
              DSC_LCM -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData -OutputPath .\DSC_LCM

          ## Creates the .MOF file for the corresonding "Configuration"
          Add_Features -OutputPath .\Add_Features -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData
          Configure_Services -OutputPath .\Configure_Services -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData
          Copy_PowerShell_Scripts -OutputPath .\Copy_PowerShell_Scripts -ConfigurationData $ConfigurationData

      ## runs the desired .MOF configuration file
      Set-DscLocalConfigurationManager -Path .\DSC_LCM -ComputerName $AllNodes -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
          Start-DscConfiguration -Path .\Copy_PowerShell_Scripts -ComputerName $AllNodes -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
          Start-DscConfiguration -Path .\Add_Features -ComputerName $AllNode -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
          Start-DscConfiguration -Path .\Configure_Services -ComputerName $AllNodes -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    $EndTime = (Get-Date## Stops the timer

  "Elapsed Time: $(($EndTime - $StartTime).totalseconds) seconds"  ## Calculate amount of seconds your code takes to complete.
  Set-Location "B:\DSC\"

Stop-Transcript -Verbose